Area of specialization Critical Zone is the heterogeneous, near-surface environment in which interactions among rock, soil, water, air, and living organisms regulate the natural habitat and determine the availability of life-sustaining resources. Its limits range from the top of the canopy down to the bottom of the aquifer. The successful applicant will join the Global Critical Zone Science Chair to develop and conduct a research program to strengthen the understanding of Enhancing soil C sequestration in pasture systems, a key mitigation option for country targets under the UN-Paris Agreement. Affiliation and supervision The postdoctoral fellow will be trained at the USP/ESALQ Carbon Center in Brazil (Sao Paulo State) under the supervision of Professor Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri, in relation to the GCZS Chair (Professors Rachid Moussadek, Hudson Carvalho, Daniel Nahon). Context and aims Based on the relevance of pasture recovery and integrated cropland-livestock-forestry systems (ICLF) for soil C build-up and climate change mitigation, the commitments of the Brazilian government in the intended Nationally Determined Contribution (iNDC) include restoration of an additional 15 million ha of degraded pastures and enhancing 5 million ha of ICLF by 2030. However, the effects of pasture recovery and ICLF systems on soil C changes and their relevance for Brazil\'s iNDC commitments remain largely unknown. The project aims to provide a pervasive biome-scale analysis of soil C stock changes in pastures and integrated systems in the Brazilian Cerrado. Areas with contrasting edaphic conditions will be sampled across the Cerrado biome using a chronosequence approach. For each land use, C and N stocks and isotope composition will be assessed. Rates of soil C change will be used to estimate the contribution of both strategies (pasture recovery and ICLF systems) to climate change mitigation in Brazil. This work is intended to inform ABC Program evaluations and to encourage decision makers and planners to diffuse sustainable land use strategies and soil management systems in Brazil. Job description The Global Critical Zone Science Chair at Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) invites applications for a two-year postdoc fellowship (candidates from Moroccan or African universities). The successful applicant will conduct research in C and N geochemistry aiming to quantify soil C and N stocks and isotopic composition in livestock areas in Brazilian soils (Cerrado), which are very close to those of the African Sudano-Sahelian zone and are of interest for developing research and its application to Africa\'s agronomic systems (designing and development of sustainable agricultural systems). The applicant will contribute to global warming discussions, increase soil C, and reduce deforestation. Brazil is a major player in this domain, with goals reinforced in the iNDC set in Paris in 2015. The Brazilian government has ambitious goals for the next years: reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 37% by 2025 and 43% by 2030, compared to 2005. One of the commitments of the Brazilian iNDC is to strengthen the Low Carbon Emission Agriculture Program (ABC) as a main strategy for sustainable agriculture, including restoration of an additional 15 million hectares of degraded pastures and enhancing 5 million hectares of integrated cropland-livestock-forestry systems (ICLF) by 2030. Context and relevance Global and local studies show that pastures have potential to accumulate C in soil, but most studies assess well-managed pastures, which may differ from conditions in Brazilian pastures. Brazil is the second-largest exporter of beef and has the second-largest herd in the world. Most livestock production is grass-fed, extensive, and spread in the Cerrado, a biome occupying about 204.7 million hectares in central Brazil. Pastures are the main land use in this biome, occupying more than 54 million ha. It is estimated that 60% of Cerrado pastures are degraded to some degree. The relevance of pasture recovery and ICLF for soil C build-up and climate change mitigation suggests these could be efficient instruments for climate policy in Brazil. The project aims to provide a comprehensive biome-scale analysis of soil C stocks under the management practices suggested by the ABC Program and to assess the contribution of soil C accretion in livestock areas to Brazil\'s iNDC commitments. Methodology At least 10 study areas of improved pastures and integrated systems across the Brazilian Cerrado will be selected for sampling. Area selection will consider localization, time since adoption of ABC Program practices, and available land-use information. Areas with contrasting edaphic conditions (e.g., soil mineralogy and texture) will be prioritized to ensure broad biome coverage where feasible. A chronosequence approach will be used, comprising at least two land uses in each site: a reference (preferably a degraded pasture) and an area of recovered pasture and/or ICLF. Land uses will be adjacent to each other to minimize climatic, topographic, and soil differences. In each land use, soil will be sampled down to 1.0 m depth at five points, 50 m apart from one another. Soil C and N content and isotope composition will be determined using an elemental analyzer and mass spectrometer. Results will be expressed as δ13C and δ15N (‰), using PDB-Vienna as a reference for 13C and air composition for 15N. The equivalent soil mass technique will be applied to calculate C and N stocks. Rates of C stock changes will be calculated from differences between current management and a reference. For more information about stocks and C partitioning calculations, see Oliveira et al. (2016). Comparisons between land uses will be analyzed with one-way ANOVA, with land use type as the main factor and sites as blocks treated as a random variable; means will be compared by Tukey test (p Criteria of the candidate PhD in environmental science, soil science, surface geochemistry, or related fields from a recognized Moroccan or African university. One or two high publications in international well-ranked journals. Significant knowledge in environmental science studies, including field soil work and abilities in isotopic geochemistry techniques and modeling capabilities. Excellent verbal and written communication skills in English. Skilled in both field and lab work. Proactive, ethical, and respectful person. #J-18808-Ljbffr Mohammed VI Polytechnic University
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